Meng, Xin-Yu
Lyu, Shao-Min
Xie, Xing-Fei
Tang, Chao
Yu, Wu-Gang
Hou, Wei-Xue
Wang, Cheng-Yu
Qu, Jing-Long
Du, Jin-Hui
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Major Science and Technology Projects of China (J2019-VI-0006-0120)
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52274330)
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52074092)
Article History
Received: 27 November 2025
Revised: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Jing-Long Qu is an editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article.