Zhang, Sha-Sha
Xue, Hui
Li, Xue-Dong
Che, Zhi-Chao
Liu, Chao
Cheng, Xue-Qun
Li, Xiao-Gang
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374323)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52522409)
Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Revised: 4 February 2026
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Chao Liu is a youth editorial board member and Xiao-Gang Li is an editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and both were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.