Yang, Xin-Cheng
Wang, Ning
Li, Tao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-6524
Ju, Xin-Hua
Tan, Min
Wang, Hao-Yu
Dai, Chen-Xu
He, Wen
Song, Zhong-Liang
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFB3713900&2024YFB3713905)
Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No. 24461004D)
Yanzhao Steel Laboratory Regional Innovation Capacity Enhancement Project (YZISL2024052)
Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department (No. BJK2023112)
Youth Scholars Promotion Plan of North China University of Science and Technology (QNTJ202402)
Youth Preliminary Research Foundation of Metallurgical and Energy College (No. YJY20244472)
Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Revised: 10 March 2026
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
:
: Tao Li is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare no conflict of interest.