Li, Yi-Fan
Wang, Pu
Liu, Jia-Qi
Lv, Yuan-Bin
Li, Bo
Zhang, Jia-Quan
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52563032)
Key R&D Program of Shandong Province, China (2022CXGC020308)
Open fund (KF24-13)
Article History
Received: 6 September 2025
Revised: 15 April 2026
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 18 June 2026
Declarations
:
: Pu Wang is a youth editorial board member of Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare no conflict of interest.