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Authors
Kazmi, Syeda Irsa Mazhar
Arshad, Muhammad
Asma, Maliha
Raffi, Muhammad
Ameen, Maria
Ali, Attarad
Hussain, Alamdar
Gul, Iram
Wu, Chang Yu
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Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants, animals, or any sensitive data requiring ethical approval. Therefore, formal ethical approval was not required.
: The authors would like to firmly declare that there is no conflict of interest among them on manuscript preparation, financial matters, intellectual property rights, personal considerations, and any other competing interests that might be directly or indirectly tied to this research for publication.
