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Article History

Received: 25 November 2024

Revised: 30 January 2025

Accepted: 17 February 2025

First Online: 6 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study meets the criteria for exemption from IRB review under 45 CFR §46.104(d)(2) of the widely recognized Common Rule governing research ethics. The Common Rule aligns with international and U.S.-based research ethics guidelines and applies to studies involving minimal-risk or non-interventional research. As this study involved only routine teaching practices in a standard classroom setting, it posed minimal risk to participants, collected no identifiable personal data, and adhered to ethical principles to ensure participant confidentiality. Participation was voluntary and had no impact on participants’ academic outcomes. The study employed surveys to explore participants’ typical language learning and teaching experiences within an educational setting, focusing on preparing students for target language acquisition. Given the normalcy of the teaching practices involved, the study qualifies for an IRB waiver.

: Prior to conducting the surveys, all participants provided informed consent, which was documented in written form for clarity. Participants were thoroughly briefed on the study’s purpose, the voluntary nature of their involvement, their right to withdraw at any time without consequences, and the assurance of confidentiality and anonymity. The consent covered participation in the survey and the use of anonymized data for research purposes. No identifiable personal information was collected, safeguarding participants’ privacy and confidentiality in compliance with ethical guidelines. Responses were fully anonymized, and comprehensive measures were implemented to minimize any potential risks to participants.

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.