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Authors
Liu, Yeu-Ting
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (113-2410-H-003 -070 -)
The Higher Education Sprout Project of National Taiwan Normal University
National Taiwan Normal University
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Revised: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study involved human participants and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of National Taiwan Normal University. Ethical approval was granted under IRB Protocol 202405HS089, and all procedures adhered to relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
: The author declares no competing interests.
