Retraction Retraction dated 2025-12-15

Article History

Received: 8 March 2025

Revised: 10 September 2025

Accepted: 11 September 2025

First Online: 17 October 2025

Change Date: 14 November 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Editor’s Note: Readers are alerted that the concerns have been raised regarding the reference accuracy in this article. The journal is conducting an investigation in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. Appropriate editorial action will be taken once this matter is resolved.

Change Date: 15 December 2025

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42379-025-00207-5

Declarations

:

: There is no conflict of interest of this paper.

: Since this study does not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive ethical issues, ethical approval is not required.