Johander, Eerika http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3769-3325
Turunen, Tiina
Garandeau, Claire F.
Salmivalli, Christina
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Research Council (884434)
University of Turku (UTU) including Turku University Central Hospital
Article History
Accepted: 27 March 2023
First Online: 10 April 2023
Declarations
:
: The procedure followed the ethical standards of the University of Turku Ethics Committee for Human Sciences, Finnish National Board of Research Integrity (TENK, National Advisory Board on Research Ethics, CitationRef removed), and the Finnish Personal Data Act (523/1999). The data collection procedure was consistent with the Finnish Human Subjects Protection regulations. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: Data used in the study was collected anonymously. Students signed into the questionnaires with school-level ID and their personal information was never identified. When the data was collected, TENK instructed that it is not necessary to request a guardian’s permission if directly identifying information is not collected and the school principal consents that research can be carried out as part of the normal activities of the school (National Advisory Board on Research Ethics, CitationRef removed).
: The last author led the development of the KiVa antibullying program.