Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 17 January 2025

First Online: 4 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The researchers adhered to basic ethical standards and the ethical guidelines of the APA. The study involved consenting adult participants, and the questionnaire did not touch on their personal experiences of victimization, minimizing the risk of re-victimization. Due to local laws and institutional policies, ethical review and approval were not deemed necessary for this study involving human subjects. The research study and questionnaires were reviewed by the second author’s team consisting of educational psychologists and educators from a public university in Germany. In addition, two faculty members from a private university in Metropolis City, Pakistan, who are familiar with the Pakistani educational landscape, also reviewed the entire study. This review team did not identify any potential conflicts of interest, harm to participants, or ethical violations.

: Participants who completed the training were first invited to an orientation session where the entire program, including its timeline, schedule, and expectations, were discussed in detail. They were also briefed on ethical standards and assured of the confidentiality of the data they provided. Data collection was conducted through online platforms. Through an online forum, participants provided informed consent, which is equivalent to written consent. They received detailed information about the objectives of the study, the assurance of anonymity, their rights to voluntary participation, the intended use of the data, and the freedom to withdraw from the study without adverse consequences. After understanding and acknowledging these terms, participants confirmed their agreement by clicking the "agree" button on the online data collection platform. This approach ensured that informed consent was obtained in accordance with ethical standards and federal regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.