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Article History

Received: 7 January 2025

Revised: 4 March 2025

Accepted: 20 March 2025

First Online: 29 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center (approval no. G20-0034).

: Given the retrospective nature of this study, the requirement for informed consent was waived. Instead, an opt-out method was implemented, allowing participants or their legal representatives to decline participation by publicly posting information about the study on the hospital's website.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not include identifiable individual data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.