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Authors
Zafar, Obaidullah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1483-1473
Turkmen, Suha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-6071
Iftikhar, Haris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7091-1243
Mohammad, Jassim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0012-9635
Alrefi, Tarek https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9318-5637
Qureshi, Alamgir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-1310
Alhariri, Adel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-6458
Eltayeb, Ebtesam https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6813-3597
Karakulukcu, Serdar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-7699
Almalaheem, Mariam https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2184-4286
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qatar National Library
Hamad Medical Corporation
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Revised: 15 March 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2025
First Online: 14 April 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Hamad Medical Corporation (MRC–01–22– 751).
: The research is classified as category 3: research involving the collection or study of existing: Data, documents, records and the information is recorded by the investigator in such a manner that subjects cannot be identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects. The requirement for written informed consent from participants is “Exempt” under MOPH guidelines.
: Given the retrospective nature of our research (chart review), the requirement for written informed consent from participants is “Exempt” under MOPH guidelines.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
