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Article History

Received: 29 May 2025

Revised: 8 July 2025

Accepted: 31 July 2025

First Online: 21 August 2025

Declarations

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: Author Anna A Noga (AN) declares no conflict of interest. Author Ian Robb (IR) declares no conflict of interest. Author Riley Stewart-Patterson (RSP) declares no conflict of interest. Author Sebastian Straube (SS) reports grants from the Workers’ Compensation Board – Alberta, the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, the Government of Alberta, and the Alberta Medical Association. SS also reports honoraria from the Occupational Medicine Specialists of Canada, the M.S.I. Foundation, CoRE, and The Policy Works. SS is a member of the Editorial Board of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine and he is an editor of the Collection “Mental and substance-related conditions in the workplace” of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. He has not taken part in the review or selection process of this article. Author Charl Els (CE) is funded by CoRE, has received funding from the Workers’ Compensation Board – Alberta, and was employed by the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta. CE is an editor of the Collection “Mental and substance-related conditions in the workplace” of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. He has not taken part in the review or selection process of this article.