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Article History

Received: 19 August 2025

Revised: 24 October 2025

Accepted: 30 October 2025

First Online: 2 December 2025

Declarations

:

: In this study, we used de-identified patient data from the PhysioNet database. According to information provided on PhysioNet.org, the collection of patient data and the creation of the research resource were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center between 2011 and 2019 in Boston, MA, which granted a waiver of informed consent and approved the data-sharing initiative (IRB #2001P001699). A formal data use agreement was signed prior to data access, and a copy of this agreement will be submitted to the journal as part of the manuscript submission.

: In this study, we used de-identified patient data from the PhysioNet database. According to information provided on PhysioNet.org, the collection of patient data and the creation of the research resource were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center between 2011 and 2019 in Boston, MA, which granted a waiver of informed consent and approved the data-sharing initiative (IRB #2001P001699). A formal data use agreement was signed prior to data access, and a copy of this agreement will be submitted to the journal as part of the manuscript submission.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.