Mengistie, Biruk T.
Yassin, Kewser S.
Kinfe, Rahwa A.
Belachew, Ruth S.
Gelan, Abel A.
Hailemariam, Caleb M.
Tesfay, Rebecca Haile
Mengistie, Chernet T.
Teferi, Mikiyas G.
Gubai, Zenebwork Y.
Article History
Received: 29 October 2025
Revised: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences (with IRB protocol number AAU-CHS/IM/2024/151). Administrative permission to access clinic records was secured from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Data confidentiality and security measures were observed throughout.
: Not Applicable.
: Because this was a retrospective chart review using de-identified data, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: No LLMs were used in the preparation of this manuscript.