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Article History

Received: 29 September 2025

Revised: 12 April 2026

Accepted: 14 April 2026

First Online: 27 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institute of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (IHSREC), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, and the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee (MHREC), Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam (Reference: UBD/PAPRSBIHSREC/2023/75). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to study participation.

: The authors declare that consent to publish is not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.