Funding for this research was provided by:
Gansu Province Outstanding Youth Fund Project (24JRRA166)
the Innovation Project of Lanzhou Youth Science and Technology Talent (2023-QN-43)
Open Fund Project of the National Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System Dynamics, Southwest Jiaotong University (RVL2401)
The Gansu Joint Research Fund Program (25JRRA1145)
Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Revised: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
:
: All authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.