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Optimized Nonlinear Time Delay System using Hybrid GOA-CVSTGCN Approach with Proportional Integral Derivative Controllers

Published Online: 2025-12-19

Published Print: 2026-01

Authors

J, Arulvadivu.

Giriprasad, S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-8056
S, Manoharan.

Gokul, S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-6469
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-19

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-19
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Article History

Received: 16 August 2025

Revised: 23 October 2025

Accepted: 7 November 2025

First Online: 19 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

: Not Relevant.

: Not Relevant.

: Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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