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Article History

Received: 28 April 2025

Accepted: 22 July 2025

First Online: 25 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. This study utilized publicly available secondary data that did not involve any direct interaction with human participants or the collection of personally identifiable information. Therefore, ethics approval and participant consent were not required.

: Not applicable. The study used secondary data from existing sources, and no individual-level identifying information was published.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors report that they have not used AI tools or technologies to prepare this work.

: Not applicable. This research is based on secondary data analysis and is not part of a registered clinical trial.