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Article History

Received: 24 June 2025

Accepted: 1 September 2025

First Online: 29 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study utilizes the publicly available ASHRAE Great Energy Predictor III (GEPIII) dataset, which contains anonymized building energy consumption data. No human or animal subjects were involved, and no ethical approval was required as the research is based on computational analysis of non-sensitive, aggregated energy data.

: Since this study relies on open-source energy data from the ASHRAE GEPIII competition, no individual consent was necessary. The dataset does not include personally identifiable information (PII), and all data were collected in compliance with privacy and data protection regulations.

: All data used in this study are publicly available under the ASHRAE GEPIII competition guidelines. The manuscript does not contain any proprietary or confidential information. The authors confirm that the findings are presented transparently and can be freely published for academic and research purposes.