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Article History

Received: 22 May 2025

Accepted: 3 November 2025

First Online: 28 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Prior to participation, written informed consent was obtained from all individuals involved in the study after a detailed explanation of the work’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits was provided. For participants who were under the age of 16, written informed consent was obtained from their parents or legally authorized representatives. Authors declare that the work was conducted in accordance with internationally accepted ethical guidelines, including the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures involving human participants were executed in strict compliance with the institutional ethical standards of R.V.R & J.C College of Engineering. The work protocol was reviewed and approved by the R.V.R & J.C College of Engineering Ethics Committee, ensuring that the rights, safety, and welfare of all participants were fully protected.

: Author informed consent for publication of the study findings, including the use of identifiable images and data associated with this research, was obtained from all participants. The participants were informed that their images would appear in an open-access scientific publication. For participants under the age of 16 years, written informed consent for publication was obtained from their parents or legally authorized representatives. All participants (and guardians, where applicable) reviewed the materials and provided explicit permission for their identifiable images to be published.

: The authors declare no competing interests.