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Authors
Li, Qiang https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9649-5611
Wu, Zijing https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3567-5417
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2025 Guangdong Provincial Finance Research Project (2025GDCZ024)
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Article History
Received: 30 August 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Guangzhou College of Technology and Business on July 1, 2025 (Approval No. LLSC2025032). All procedures followed the ethical standards of the relevant national guidelines, the Helsinki Declaration, and its later amendments.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants between July 1 and August 1, 2025 via a combined online-offline approach. All consent records are stored securely by the research team, accessible only to authorized personnel.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
