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Authors
Kang, Zhuoran
Yang, Daming
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52104081)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52104081)
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2022402031)
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2022402031)
Science and Technology Research Program of Higher Education Institutions in Hebei Province (BJK2023080)
Science and Technology Research Program of Higher Education Institutions in Hebei Province (BJK2023080)
Handan Science and Technology Research and Development Program Projects (194221210008-34)
Handan Science and Technology Research and Development Program Projects (194221210008-34)
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Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants or animals. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.
: Not applicable. (This study did not involve human participants.)
: Not applicable. (This study did not involve individual participants’ data.)
: The authors declare no competing interests.
