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Authors
Nagahama, Akihito
Sagara, Atsunobu
Aki, Hayato
Yoshimura, Hiroki
Hiraide, Makoto
Shimizu, Takatsune
Sano, Motohiko
Yumoto, Tetsuro
Hosoe, Tomoo
Tanaka, Kenji
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 28 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was conducted in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hoshi University (2020-06) and the University of Electro-Communications (20043). Written informed consent was obtained from the participants after explaining the purpose of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable. This study is an observational study and does not involve prospective assignment of interventions. Participants were individuals who had already been taking second-generation antihistamines as part of their usual care, and no intervention was introduced or assigned by the investigators.
