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Authors
Hassan, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-712X
Gulzar Ahmad, Saima https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8820-0570
Ullah Munir, Ehsan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-0291
Rabah, Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6334-3084
Jovanovic, Slavisa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-7043
Ramzan, Naeem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5088-1462
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study uses a public dataset that is available on PhysioNet. The original data collectors obtained all ethical approvals. Our work does not involve any direct interaction with human participants. Further approval is not required for this analysis.
: The original study team collected consent from all participants before data collection. No new data is collected in this study.
: The dataset creators granted public access to the data through PhysioNet. The study does not include personal or identifiable information. There are no restrictions related to publication.
