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Article History

Received: 16 November 2025

Accepted: 13 January 2026

First Online: 1 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This research did not involve human participants, human data, or animals. All analyses were conducted on publicly available or simulated datasets. No human participants were involved in this research.

: This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.