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Authors
Han, Fuchang
Li, Changshou
Xu, Hui
Wei, Wenji
Sun, ZeTao
Zhang, Shengda
Tao, Zhuwei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Study on Enhanced Oil Recovery Mechanism and Injection-Production Parameter Optimization of Hot Water Viscosity-Reducing Flooding in Heavy Oil Blocks with High Water Cut (30203569-25-ZC0613-0004)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
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: All data utilized in this manuscript are derived from actual oilfield production operations. This study does not involve human subjects, animal subjects, or any research components that could implicate ethical issues such as personal rights, interests, or animal welfare. Therefore, ethical approval is not required for this research, and no ethical review process was necessary.
: Since this study is based on actual oilfield production data and does not involve any human or animal participants, there is no requirement for obtaining consent to participate. The research process does not involve direct or indirect interaction with any individuals or animals, and thus the consent to participate is irrelevant and not applicable herein.
: The data presented in this manuscript are all production-related data without any personal identifying information. As the research does not involve human subjects, there is no need to obtain consent to publish from participants. Additionally, all authors of this manuscript have been fully informed of the manuscript's content, have reviewed and confirmed its accuracy, and unanimously agree to the publication of this work.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
