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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 4 February 2026

First Online: 26 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All authors have read and complied with Springer’s policy on Ethical Responsibilities of Authors. Ethical approval was not required for this study. This study did not involve human participants or animal subjects; therefore, consent to participate was not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All authors have approved the submission and publication of this manuscript. As no human or animal subjects were involved, consent to publish was not applicable.

: Not applicable.