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Article History

Received: 8 November 2025

Accepted: 6 February 2026

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed by the research ethics committee at Henan Institute of Technology, which determined that the research was exempt from formal ethical approval as it involved minimal risk to participants.

: All participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose and procedures and provided written informed consent before participation.

: Informed consent to participate in the study and to publish the data was obtained from all individual participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests