Raj, Rakesh S.
Kumar, M. P. Pavan
Manjunath, K. N.
Rangaswamy, B. E.
Thomas, Likewin
Siddesha, S.
Kumar, P. Aruna
Funding for this research was provided by:
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 19 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted using publicly available chest X-ray datasets. As no identifiable human data were used, formal ethical approval was not required. Not applicable. The study utilized publicly accessible datasets that do not involve direct human participation.
: Not applicable. No individual or identifiable personal data are included in this manuscript, and all datasets used are publicly available.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.