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Authors
Subramaniam, Santhoshkumar
Karunanandham, Kumutha
Raja, A. S. M.
Shukla, S. K.
Sanjeev, B.
Uthandi, Sivakumar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-1317
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
ICAR-CIRCOT (ICAR - CIRCOT (CRP – TNAU – 02))
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DST-FIST Programme-2022 (TPN 83972))
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. No live plant materials were used in the study, and hence approval is not required. The study used only the dead plant materials, the cotton stalk.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
