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Article History

Received: 21 November 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 26 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Hunan Mechanical & Electrical Polytechnic (Approval Number: 2024026). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in line with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Consent to participate.Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed about the purpose of the research, the type of data collected, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or video), and no personally identifiable information of the participants is disclosed.

: The authors declare no competing interests.