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Authors
Farooq, Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-1467
Anuragi, Devbrat https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4544-5588
Li, Zhenxing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-1736
Ziat, Mounia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-7886
Cooperstock, Jeremy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3392-2541
Raisamo, Roope https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3276-7866
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tampere University
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Article History
Received: 31 May 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: Authors adhered to the necessary approvals to conduct the research at Tampere University. Additionally, all participants were informed of their right to participate and validate the data being collected for the study. All collected data was anonymized and no personal / work related information was collected or stored outside of the secure university servers. The study monitored researcher’s task performance using common tools in academic (work) related tasks using their work machines within the university network and no additional information was shared with any external service provider.
: All procedures performed in the two studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Tampere University and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration / amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the studies. No vulnerable populations were involved in this research. Participant performance data collected during the user studies were anonymized to protect participant confidentiality and was removed after analysis.
: This manuscript does not contain any individual person's data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos) that require explicit consent for publication beyond the consent obtained for participation in the research studies themselves. All participant data presented is aggregated and anonymized.Additionally, authors of this manuscript provide their consent to publish the joint contribution generated through the collaboration between Tampere University and Bentley University.
: Authors acknowledge that they have no conflicts or competing interests related to this research/study/project. Authors have no personal or financial relationships that could influence this work in any way. The work was conducted at Tampere University, Finland and funding sources / projects have been provided for reference.
