Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 February 2025

Revised: 9 June 2025

Accepted: 17 June 2025

First Online: 23 June 2025

Declarations

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: This study was thoroughly reviewed and granted approval by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the respective institutions, ensuring that all aspects of the research adhered to the highest ethical standards. The approval process ensured compliance with national and international guidelines governing research practices, such as the Declaration of Helsinki and any applicable institutional or governmental regulations. This rigorous review process ensures that the research upholds the principles of scientific integrity, respect for participants and safety.

: This research did not involve human or animal subjects. Ethical considerations were fully addressed from the outset of the study, with the design specifically excluding any form of human or animal participation. Since no living beings were involved, there were no consent procedures necessary for participants. The research was structured in such a way that it focused on data that could be gathered from existing materials, thus safeguarding any ethical issues related to direct interaction with individuals or animals. For studies involving human subjects, detailed protocols are typically outlined to ensure participants are informed about their participation rights, potential risks and the voluntary nature of their involvement. In this case, however, those considerations were not applicable as no human or animal data were used.

: The manuscript is entirely original, unpublished and free from any copyright restrictions. It has not been submitted for publication elsewhere, ensuring that it remains exclusive to the journal and research community. The authors affirm that they have full rights over the content of the manuscript and that it has not been copied or derived from other previously published works. Additionally, they confirm that no part of the manuscript infringes upon any existing copyrights or intellectual property rights. By providing this consent, the authors guarantee that the manuscript and any associated data or supplementary material can be published without conflict. This contributes to a wider dissemination of knowledge within the scientific community, ensuring that the study is accessible and useful to others.

: The authors declare that there are no competing interests in the context of this study. No personal, professional, financial or academic influences have affected the objectivity or integrity of the research or its findings. The authors maintain a commitment to the unbiased presentation of data, ensuring that their analysis and conclusions were driven purely by the research process and scientific inquiry. By declaring that no competing interests exist, the authors affirm that the outcomes of this study were not swayed by external factors, such as funding sources or affiliations with any commercial entities. This declaration is important to maintain trust and transparency in the scientific process, ensuring that the conclusions drawn from the study are grounded in objective analysis rather than personal or institutional gain.