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Article History

Received: 21 August 2025

Revised: 21 January 2026

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 5 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. This statement supports transparency and reinforces the credibility of the reported findings.

: This study did not involve any human participants or animal subjects. The research design intentionally excluded such involvement, in strict accordance with prevailing ethical regulations.

: The submitted manuscript is original, has not been previously published, and is not currently under review elsewhere. It presents novel contributions to the field and does not infringe upon any copyright, making it suitable for publication under standard academic and open-access policies.