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Article History

Received: 30 April 2024

Revised: 15 July 2024

Accepted: 21 July 2024

First Online: 5 September 2024

Ethics

: <b>Declaration of competing interests</b> The Star Rapid case study reported in Section 4 was initially supported by IfM Engage, a not-for-profit knowledge transfer company, embedded within the Institute for Manufacturing (IfM) and wholly owned by the University of Cambridge, with the remit of applying, disseminating and transfer research outputs from IfM. The authors Clemens Chaskel, Ricardo Gonzalez Nakazawa, and Jonathan Ross are Industrial Associates of IfM Engage, and Robert Phaal is a non-paid Director of IfM Engage and a member of the Frontiers of Engineering Management journal editorial board. Jonathan Ross had a leadership role within Star Rapid during the duration of the longitudinal case study. No funding was received for the research described in this paper, nor to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. The initial application of the R2 approach within Star Rapid was funded as part of a consulting project elivered by IfM Engage.