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Article History

Received: 29 April 2025

Accepted: 24 November 2025

First Online: 29 January 2026

Declarations

:

: All authors agree to publish and there is no conflict for publication of this manuscript for publication in this Journal.

: All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest with any individual, and educational, industrial or commercial institution.

: The study does not include any animal or human subjects and no specific ethical approval is needed. Other necessary guidelines set by University of Agriculture, Faisalabad for handling of plant material during conduction of laboratory work were followed. All samplings were done with the least possible disturbances to plant communities and environment. After completion of study, all experimental materials were properly discarded/incinerated in a controlled environment to avoid bio-contamination.

: It is certified that the manuscript is the product of an original study and is submitted solely to this Journal for consideration. It is not submitted to any other Journal, in part or full, for simultaneous consideration nor has been previously published in any form or language (other than as a thesis of the first author, which is properly acknowledged). There is no plagiarism/self-plagiarism, salami-slicing/publishing, secondary publication nor near verbatim. All data presented in this manuscript is product of our own study and the manuscript does not contain any copyrighted material (data tables or figures). All results and data are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation (including image-based manipulation).

: The contribution of all participants/parties involved in this study have been appreciated either in authorship OR acknowledged in the acknowledgement section. All contributors listed in this manuscript have substantially participated in this study and preparation of the manuscript.