Kim, Yena http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-2226
Vlaeyen, Jolinde M. R.
Heesen, Raphaela
Clay, Zanna
Kret, Mariska E.
Funding for this research was provided by:
H2020 European Research Council (804582)
Templeton World Charity Foundation (TWCF0267)
Article History
Received: 15 January 2022
Accepted: 26 June 2022
First Online: 6 October 2022
Additional information
:
: This research was supported by the European Research Council (starting grant # 804582) and the Templeton World Charity Foundation (the Diverse Intelligences possibilities fund # TWCF0267) to Mariska E. Kret.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Figshare at ExternalRef removed.
: Yena Kim: conceptualization; data analysis/validation; writing original draft, review and editing; project administration; supervision. Jolinde MR Vlaeyen: conceptualization; data collection; data analysis; visualization; writing original draft, review and editing. Raphaela Heesen: data analysis/validation; assistance with coding of behaviors and communication; writing review and editing. Zanna Clay: writing review and editing. Mariska E. Kret: funding acquisition; writing review and editing.
: Permission to conduct this study was granted by the ARTIS Amsterdam Royal Zoo. It was a purely observational study involving non-human animals, where no invasive procedures were conducted. The care of the chimpanzees adhered to the guidelines of the European Endangered Species Program, developed by the European Association and Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Due to the absence of any potential discomfort for the chimpanzees and due to the non-invasive nature of this study, it did not meet the definition of animal test as mentioned in Article 1 of the Dutch “Experiments on Animals Act.” Thus, the ARTIS Ethics Committee waived the need for approval.