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Article History

Received: 3 April 2024

Accepted: 22 October 2024

First Online: 14 November 2024

Additional information

:

: K.H. was supported by the Research Foundation–Flanders (12A3923N).

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Data may be accessed by emailing the corresponding author.

: Not applicable.

: J.F. collected data and conceived of the idea. K.H. analyzed the data and contributed to the conception of the model. M.G. contributed to the data analysis and also contributed to the conception of the idea. All authors co-wrote the manuscript and approve the final and revised version.

: Studies 1–4 were approved by the IRB at University of MA–Dartmouth, #18.084. Study 5 was approved through the IRB at Kansas City University, #1942774. Study 6 was approved through the IRB at Kansas City University, #1906743. Data were collected anonymously, with the exception of information pertaining to payment/remuneration, collected at the end of the surveys electronically, and stored separately from responses.

: All participants signed either electronic or paper consent forms stating their voluntary willingness and informed consent to participate.

: Not applicable.