Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 January 2024

Accepted: 4 November 2024

First Online: 11 January 2025

Additional Information

:

: This research was supported by Grant R01 HD097131 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) awarded to Dunsmore, which comprised secondary video coding of data collected for Grant R01 HD049878 from NICHD awarded to Bell. The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NICHD or the National Institutes of Health.

: The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.

: The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Open Science Framework repository, https://osf.io/q65dy/?view_only=68311a80a9114ce7965b3445ae3a651d.

: Not applicable.

: D.Z. contributed to conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, and writing (original draft, review and editing). F.T.L. contributed to conceptualization and writing (review and editing). C.L.S. contributed to writing (review and editing). M.A.B. contributed to funding acquisition and writing (review and editing). J.C.D. contributed to conceptualization, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, supervision, and writing (review and editing).

: The Institutional Review Board at the Virginia Tech approved all procedures.

: Informed consent was obtained with all the participating parents and informed assent was obtained with all the participating children.

: Not applicable.