Ren, Tianbao
Feng, Huilin
Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah
Yun, Fei
Li, Maosen
Ma, Nyuk Ling
Cai, Xianjie
Liu, Guoshun
Liew, Rock Keey
Lam, Su Shiung
Funding for this research was provided by:
key research and development projects (2021YFD1700900)
Shanghai Tobacco Group Science and Technology Project (2022310000140536)
Key Science and Technology Project of Sichuan China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd. (2021611000270042)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (63933, 56064)
Article History
Received: 17 October 2024
Revised: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Su Shiung Lam is an AE of the journal Biochar, but he was not involved in the peer-review or handling of the manuscript. The authors have no other competing interests to disclose.