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Authors
Liu, Sha
Xiong, Danling
Zeng, Liang
Du, Wei
Liu, Yang
Steinberg, Christian E. W.
Pan, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3680-1451
Tao, Shu
Xing, Baoshan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42130711)
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Revised: 16 February 2026
Accepted: 21 February 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study strictly followed the guidelines for ethical review of experimental animal welfare (GB/T 35892-2018). All ants used in the experiment were carefully reared before and after the experiment, and were provided with adequate food, water, and other necessities. During the experiment, all procedures were performed with care to minimize any potential suffering. After the experiment, the ants were maintained until they died naturally. No violations of animal welfare ethical guidelines occurred.
: Baoshan Xing and Bo Pan serve as Editor and EBM of the journal Biochar, respectively, and they were not involved in the peer-review or handling of the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests.
