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Authors
Coelho, Catarina Gomes
Ramalho, Andreia
Fidalgo, Daniela
Leite, Jorge
Machado, Paulo PP
Carvalho, Sandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-5146
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade do Minho
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2024
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Early life trauma is associated with greater emotional distress in adulthood, but the psychological mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study shows that maladaptive emotion regulation, coping styles, and personality traits may help explain how childhood adversity relates to adult depression, anxiety, and stress. These findings may support more personalized prevention and intervention approaches for individuals exposed to early adversity.
