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Authors
Wang, Rui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7480-8297
Cheng, Peifeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-7610
Li, Yiming
Dong, Qingjie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Science and Technology Program of the Department of Transportation of Heilongjiang Province, China (HJK2024B003)
The Science and Technology Program of the Department of Transportation of Heilongjiang Province, China (HJK2024Z0012)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Revised: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 8 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors of this paper declare that they have no known financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced their work.
: No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication.
: The work described is original research that has not been published before and is not being considered for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. All the authors listed have read and approved the manuscript that is enclosed.
