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Authors
Das, Udayaditya Sankar https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9441-7335
Baruah, Kishor Kumar
Paul, Vijay
Mandal, Rupesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-4560
Hussain, Mokhtar https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1168-6326
Sarkar, Mihir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4252-4027
Choudhury, Nupur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-5227
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Article History
Received: 27 September 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: All experiments and field activities involving yaks were conducted in compliance with the ethical standards and guide- lines of the ICAR–National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Institutional approval was obtained prior to conducting the study, and all procedures ensured minimal stress and maximum welfare for the animals. No human participants were involved in this study.
: Not applicable, as this study did not involve human participants.
