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Machine Translation in Natural Language Processing (1948–2025): a Systematic Survey of Methods, Benchmarks, Neural Machine Translation Advances, Challenges and Future Directions

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-05181-4

Published Online: 2026-06-22

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Lavanya, C. B.

Nagendraswamy, H. S.

Manjunath, K. N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8239-4047
Kumar, M. P. Pavan
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-22

Version of Record valid from 2026-06-22
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Article History

Received: 12 July 2025

Accepted: 2 June 2026

First Online: 22 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could influence the work reported in this study. This research was conducted independently, and no funding or support was received from any organization or entity that could have posed a conflict of interest.

: Not Applicable.

: Not Applicable.

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