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Authors
Essafraoui, Badre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-5719
Messaoudi, Badre https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0575-2248
Ait Lahssaine, Ismail https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-7881
El Ouali, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-106X
Kadiri, Abdelhakim https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3575-1296
Kabiri, Lahcen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9101-4579
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Revised: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Artificial intelligence was used solely for the rephrasing and translation of certain paragraphs of the article.
