Fraticelli, Chiara https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0956-3477
Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-5858
Leirs, Herwig https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-5024
Bauer, Hans https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5031-5842
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wildlife Conservation Network’s Lion Recovery Fund (CH-AP-02-LRF, CH-AP-03-LRF, CH-AP-04-LRF, CH-AP-05-LRF)
Article History
Received: 29 January 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 4 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Collaring operations were authorized by the Government of Chad (permits: N°100/MEEP/DG/DGTRFFP/DCFAP/2019, N°107/PCMT/PMT/MEPDD/SG/DGRFFP/DFAP/2022). African Parks’ Standard Operating Procedures for Animal Handling and Care (African Parks ) were followed during all operations.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.