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Authors
Hmidi, Olfa Tabel https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8653-072X
Karssene, Yamna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-4715
Louhichi, Marouane https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1300-6535
Zaied, Abir https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4484-9456
Jarray, Mohsen https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4028-3048
Zaidi, Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4675-238X
Chikha, Maria https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3980-8260
Akriche, Soundes https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7849-5820
Chammem, Mohsen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-8181
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Article History
Received: 25 March 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
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: All field investigations were carried out with prior authorization from the Direction Générale des Forêts (DGF), the competent administrative authority in Tunisia, with permits (in Arabic) obtained each year of the study period. As the study did not involve invasive procedures or experimental manipulation of animals, no additional ethical approval was required, and an institutional animal care protocol was not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
