Yao, Shanshan
Zhao, Yiran
Gao, Xiang
Li, Zhuo
Ma, Yukun
Ke, Caihuan
Feng, Danqing
Article History
Received: 3 January 2026
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 7 July 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Barnacles are marine biofouling invertebrate organisms. Ethical approval was not required for experiments with barnacles. This work does not contain any experiments with human participants.